The Polish Physiological Society was established in Warsaw, May 1936 thanks to the efforts of two famous polish physiologists, Prof. K. Białaszewicz and Prof. F. Czubalski. The Society developed very intensively, the first divisions in Lvov, Wilno, Poznań, Warszawa and Krakow were established just within 12 months. On the I Congress of the Polish Physiological Society, May 1937 there were 110 Society registered members.

At present, the Society is composed of 12 divisions. In 2004 the Governing Body of the Society established Section of Gastroenterology (Krakow) and Section of Obesity (Zabrze). The Society quarterly issues a Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. The objectives of the Society are: to encourage the advancement of the physiological sciences, to facilitate the dissemination of knowledge in the field of physiological sciences, and to gather the scientists active in physiology.

The Polish Physiological Society is a member of the Federation of the European Physiological Societies and International Union of Physiological Sciences.